These miRNAs were used to distinguish mutation-free (wild-type) NSCLC from translocated ALK-, mutant EGFR-, or mutant KRAS-driven NSCLC, showing an accuracy of 0.79 (95% CI 0.67–0.88) and a multiclass AUC of 0.692 in a set of 67 FFPE tissue samples from NSCLC patients. The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.