IFNAR1 and viral infectious disease: Type I IFNs (IFN α, β, ε, κ, and ω) elicit a potent antiviral effect in cells by stimulating the IFNα/β receptors (IFNAR1 and IFNAR2) to activate Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signals, leading to the upregulation of hundreds of ISGs for antagonizing viral infection and replication [37, 38].