HSPA5 and cancer: Several studies have reported that the chemical ER stressors thapsigargin and tunicamycin substantially increase GRP78 surface expression in various cell lines, such as 293T human embryo kidney fibroblast cells19 and the human cancer cell lines HeLa20, MCF-720, HCT-11620, and TE671/RD21, which is in line with our previous observations in beta cells that not only cytokines but also thapsigargin induces translocation of GRP784.