A clinical trial including middle-aged OSAHS patients (15 female and 24 male patients) and controls (24 men) reported no significant difference in average serum BDNF levels (11.22 ± 0.46 ng/mL vs. 11.17 ± 0.41 ng/mL for patients and controls, respectively) [70]. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.