MAPK3 and cardiac hypertrophy: A previous study has shown that DUSPs act as critical regulators of cardiac growth and remodelling by dynamically regulating the MAPK signalling pathway (Table 2).37 DUSP12 ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy via inhibiting JNK1/2 activity.38 DUSP8 is involved in cardiac ventricular remodelling by activating ERK1/2 signalling.