MTOR and cardiac hypertrophy: AKT has been shown to promote cardiac hypertrophy through regulating several signalling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/GSK3β, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and the FAK/AKT signalling.16, 17 Knockdown of protein kinase D (PKD) was shown to attenuate pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy by promoting autophagy via AKT/mTOR pathway.19 Dimethyl fumarate, a methyl ester of fumaric acid, is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis and psoriasis.