The small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) system catalyses classical ubiquitin‐like post‐translational protein modifications that are universally involved in cellular activities such as cell cycle regulation, genome stabilization, chromatin remodelling and transcription.64 SUMOylation is also involved in cardiovascular diseases including cardiac hypertrophy.65 For example, SUMO‐1 is involved in heart failure by specifically mediating SUMOylation of SERCA2a (Table 4). The gene discussed is SUMO1; the disease is heart failure.