IL6 and atrial fibrillation: This study found that the mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (Figures 6(a)–6(c)) were all significantly elevated after administration of IND compared to the normal control rats (P < 0.01); however, the pretreatment with EE and AF significantly suppressed the expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β (P < 0.05), which was similar to pretreatment with famotidine.