LRRK2 and Parkinson disease: 2018). The resulting hyperactive kinase activity is critical for the pathological initiation of PD. Furthermore, these evidences from LPS- or rotenone-mediated LRRK2 kinase activation in microglia or neuron, respectively, are similar with whole brain analyses, which are containing various cell types including neuron, microglia, and astrocyte, from GS transgenic mice (Ho et al. 2018; Jang et al. 2018).