Infection recognition occurs very rapidly in monocytes and fibroblasts, leading to the activation of the transcription factors IRF3 and NF-κB, and to the implementation of the IFN transcriptional program within 4–8 h (Zhu et al., 1997; Boyle et al., 1999; Yurochko and Huang, 1999; Browne et al., 2001; Preston et al., 2001; Abate et al., 2004; Netterwald et al., 2004; Chan et al., 2008). The gene discussed is IRF3; the disease is infection.