EDN1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Thus, several authors have shown beneficial effects on obesity-related vascular alterations (Bruder-Nascimento et al., 2011; Lorente-Cebrián et al., 2013; de Oliveira et al., 2017) In this sense, these alterations play a key role in the pathogenesis of these diseases, which includes the reduction of NO bioavailability as well as the elevation of components that induce vascular contractility, such as angiotensin-II and endothelin-1 (Zemel et al., 1990; Hopfner et al., 1998; Mundy et al., 2007).