TNF and chronic hepatitis C virus infection: Increased expression of 2B4 on hepatic CD8 T cells was also described for other liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C and their blockade yielded in an increased CD8 T cell toxicity with proliferation and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines like IFN-γ and TNFα (Raziorrouh et al., 2010; Owusu et al., 2015).