The significance of PD1 mediated inhibition of hepatic CD8 T cells in context of NASH is also stressed by a recent publication by Shalapour et al., that described increased intrahepatic programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) concentrations in humans and mice with NAFLD (Shalapour et al., 2017). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.