Based on the animal and clinical studies showing that a pathological overactivation of the endocannabinoid transmission through the cannabinoid CB1 receptor contributes to obesity (for review, see Di Marzo et al., 2011), the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant (SR141716A, Rinaldi-Carmona et al., 1994) was the first compound introduced into clinical practice as an antiobesity agent in several countries (Rimonabant in Obesity: RIO studies) (Christopoulou and Kiortsis, 2011). The gene discussed is CNR1; the disease is Obesity.