Recent exome sequencing studies have produced compelling evidence that pathogenic variants in TAF1, TAF2, TAF8 and TAF13 are linked to intellectual disability and microcephaly (O'Rawe et al., 2015; Hellman-Aharony et al., 2013; El-Saafin et al., 2018; Tawamie et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene TAF1 and microcephaly.