CCL2 and carotid atherosclerosis: Building on this prior work, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between levels of biomarkers of systemic inflammation (CRP, IL-6, sTNF-αR1 and 2), monocyte activation (CCL2, sCD163, sCD14), coagulation (fibrinogen, D-dimer), and endothelial dysfunction (ICAM-1) with three measures of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis—focal carotid plaque, common carotid IMT (CCA-IMT) and bifurcation-IMT—in the same well-characterized study population of HIV-infected and uninfected men.