ESR1 and infection: Cells that lost detectable ERα after AVPV-AAV-Esr1 infection also produced fewer action potentials with current injection than cells infected with AAV-lacZ (Figure 4d left and center, two-way repeated-measures ANOVA/Holm-Sidak, Esr1 vs lacZ, 20 pA, p=0.08; 30 to 50 pA p≤0.02).