AKT1 and diabetes mellitus: To evaluate the mechanisms of PNS treatment of diabetes, we analyzed the effects of PNS on PI3K–AKT signaling and GLUT4 expression in C2C12 cells cultured in high‐glucose (4.5 g·L−1) medium and treated with 50, 100, or 200 μg·mL−1 PNS, and in low‐glucose (1 g·L−1) cultured cells.