The significant upregulation of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines in eyes with RD compared to MH found in our study is in good agreement with previous studies that have found similar upregulations compared to eyes with either macular hole, epiretinal membrane or retinal vein occlusion, notably for cytokines as IL-6 and IL-8 [1,16,19,20,36,37], MCP1, MIP-1beta and IP10 [36,38], and in RD with PVR for IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF, INF-gamma, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, CCL17, CCL18, CCL19, CXCL9, CXCL19, G-CSF and FGF [2,12,39]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL9 and macular holes.