The significant upregulation of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines in eyes with RD compared to MH found in our study is in good agreement with previous studies that have found similar upregulations compared to eyes with either macular hole, epiretinal membrane or retinal vein occlusion, notably for cytokines as IL-6 and IL-8 [1,16,19,20,36,37], MCP1, MIP-1beta and IP10 [36,38], and in RD with PVR for IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF, INF-gamma, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, CCL17, CCL18, CCL19, CXCL9, CXCL19, G-CSF and FGF [2,12,39]. The gene discussed is CCL4; the disease is macular holes.