In this context, the over-expression of Cy19, Ki-67, and Cox-2 may result in the transformation of normal H69 cells to cancer-like cells by stimulation with NDMA and ESP of C. sinensis. In the present study, Cx43 and Cx26 expression levels were increased in H69 cells upon stimulation with NDMA and ESP of C. sinensis. In contrast, Cx32 was significantly downregulated. The gene discussed is GJA1; the disease is cancer.