Oxidative stress can aggravate insulin resistance and cause islet β cell damage by inducing cascade reactions of various serine kinases, interfering with the phosphorylation of insulin receptors (InsRs) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) [19], and by activating the NF-κB pathway [15], JNK/SAPK pathway [16], p38 MAPK pathway [16], and hexosamine pathway [19], which prompts follow-up apoptosis signaling cascade amplification, leading to cell apoptosis. Here, INSR is linked to Insulin resistance.