Of note, high levels of Astrin have been described in cervical, pancreatic, hepatocellular carcinoma, and non-small-cell lung cancers (Valk et al., 2010; Yuan et al., 2014; Ansari et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene SPAG5 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.