Indeed, compared with healthy controls, NF-κB DNA binding activity was found elevated in peripheral blood samples of children with autism (Naik et al., 2011), and increased NF-κB expression levels were also found in post-mortem samples of orbitofrontal cortex from autistic patients, suggesting the activation of NF-κB pathways (Young et al., 2011). Here, NFKB1 is linked to autism.