TGFB1 and hereditary elliptocytosis: While we have demonstrated that there was increased TGFβ1 protein content and activation of downstream effectors of the TGFβ pathway in the brain after the development of HE, there was not a concomitant increase in TGFβ1 mRNA expression in the brain [12], suggesting that TGFβ1 is coming from an extracranial source.