SLC22A12 and Abnormal renal physiology: Uric acid activates mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear transcription factors, consequently, increases cyclooxygenase-2 production, which causes inflammation in the vascular endothelium, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle, and intrarenal vascular lesion through transporters such as urate transporter 1 [31]; uric acid also activates renin-angiotensin system, which causes systemic and glomerular hypertension associated with renal dysfunction [32].