Neonatal adiposity, when associated with pregnant women who have hyperglycemia and high levels of leptin in pregnancy, identifies children at risk of developing obesity and diabetes.77 Infants who were small for gestational age with accelerated growth have high risks for diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, regardless of their adiposity.65, 68 These findings have implications for the interpretation of pediatric adiposity indexes and of the trajectory of postnatal growth. The gene discussed is LEP; the disease is diabetes mellitus.