Neutralising antibodies to IL-11 and the deletion of IL-11 receptors inhibited the effects of TGF-β, suggesting new therapeutic targets for fibrosis.143 IL-11 is expressed by fibroblasts and other cells.164 It is a member of the IL-6 family of cytokines, and is also implicated in tumour progression.165. This evidence concerns the gene IL11 and neoplasm.