Furthermore, they found mice that were reconstituted with TLR3+7 agonists had resolution of their colitis and suggested that the resident intestinal virome through TLR3- and TLR7-mediated IFN-β secretion by plasmacytoid dentritic cells plays a protective role in gut inflammation.71 These experimental model suggests the importance of the virus–bacterial-host interactions in GI diseases and highlights the importance of viruses as initiators of inflammation (Figure 2). The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is colitis.