CD4 and lymphedema: Furthermore, it is being reported that, macrophage induced VEGF-C production is positively influenced by prostaglandin E2 (55) or CD4+ T cells and blocking of COX2, IFN-γ or IL-17 abrogates VEGF-C expression by macrophages (52) indicating interplay between inflammatory mediators and T cells with macrophages during lymphedema.