TP53 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Previous studies reported both large-scale and focal chromosomal alterations in HCC, with a high level of copy number changes in oncogenes and tumor suppressors, or genes implicated in core cancer pathways including cell cycle, p53, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Wnt, and transforming growth factor beta signaling [30, 31].