Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) ion channels located predominantly on the capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons play a complex role in hyperalgesia and neurogenic inflammation, and although their role in colitis is seemingly contradictory, there is a growing evidence on their involvement in IBD. This evidence concerns the gene TRPV1 and irritable bowel syndrome.