TNF and Alzheimer disease: We found that, for each standard deviation increase in IP-10 beyond the age-associated effect on IP-10, both MS (p < 0.001) and AD (p = 0.026) were associated with greater change in TNF-α than HC, AD was associated with greater change in IL-10 levels (p = 0.018) than HC, and MS was associated with greater change in IL-8 levels (p = 0.013) than HC.