We next measured the expression of an autophagy gene, Atg5, known to negatively regulate antiviral immune responses (42) in Wt, and TLR7−/− pLN and found that Atg5 expression is reduced at a comparable level in pLN of Wt and TLR7−/− mice after infection (Supplementary Figure 3D). Here, TLR7 is linked to infection.