In particular, it has been reported (51) that SFbs derived from SF of oligoarticular JIA patients express high levels of CD106 (VCAM), a sialoglycoprotein which mediates leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and signal transduction (51), and whose upregulation is critical to favor leukocytes retention in the inflamed synovia (51). This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.