IFNG and inflammatory bowel disease: Interleukin-12 and IL-23 also play an important role in IBD, and JAK2 and tyrosine kinases type 2 (TYK2) are involved in the signaling of these cytokines by activating STAT3 and STAT4, promoting inflammatory reactions through their ability to induce Th1 and Th17 polarization, respectively, and production of IFN-γ, IL-21, and IL-22 (Flamant et al., 2017).