Chronic overnutrition induced astrocytic plasticity impairment, with sustained shortening of high‐order processes, was simulated by upregulation of astrocytic IKKb/NF‐kB but prevented by appropriate inhibition in astrocytic IKKb/NF‐kB.52 By contrast, state‐dependent PAPs plasticity is likely mediated by swelling of astrocytic processes (reviewed in ref.51, 68). The gene discussed is IKBKB; the disease is overnutrition.