In these studies, various representative subsets of TILs, such as CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, CD4+ helper T cells, CD68+ macrophages and MDSCs, CD163+ macrophages, CD57+ NK cells and FOXP3+ Tregs, were evaluated and correlated with clinicopathologic characteristics of HNSCC patients. The gene discussed is CD68; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.