In this model, TGFβ is sufficient to induce over-expression of EMT-related genes, including VIMENTIN, FIBRONECTIN, SNAI1, ZEB1 and ZEB2. The authors have demonstrated that this cancer cell reprogramming is driven by the up-regulation of a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), ZEB2NAT, a natural antisense transcript of ZEB2. In line with these findings, TGFβ pathway has been shown to control the epigenetic signature of cancer cells by up-regulating the lncRNA HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) in breast cancer [40]. This evidence concerns the gene VIM and breast carcinoma.