Compared to the patients in the AoAC < 4 and CTR < 50% group, those in the AoAC ≥ 4 and CTR ≥ 50% group were older, predominantly female, had a lower prevalence of smoking, higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, lower diastolic blood pressure, lower albumin, lower hemoglobin, lower baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), higher calcium-phosphorous product and higher urine protein-creatinine ratio (UPCR). The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is diabetes mellitus.