HPSE and plasma cell myeloma: For instance, Bandari and colleagues found that anti-myeloma chemotherapy (Bortezomib, Carfilzomib, or Melphalan) dramatically stimulates surface heparanase-rich EVs secretion capable of degrading the ECM and that exposure of these EVs to macrophages enhanced the secretion of TNF-α (an important myeloma growth factor) and stimulated their migration [123].