Concerning renal biomarkers, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and cathepsin B activity exhibited significantly higher levels in the Noncompliant GDM mother neonates versus control (Table 4b), whereas they were unchanged in the control group and the subgroup of Compliant GDM mother neonates (Table 4b). The gene discussed is CTSB; the disease is gestational diabetes.