To evaluate possible and differential effects of maternal pre-gestational and gestational obesity (BMI > 30) concurrent with GDM on renal mass parameters and urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and cathepsin B activity, we recognized three classes for both subgroups of GDM neonates, according to those of the corresponding mothers (Section 2.3). The gene discussed is CTSB; the disease is gestational diabetes.