TNF and renal fibrosis: In this study, the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and TNF-α, transcriptional target genes of NF-κB, was upregulated associated with PCAF activation and as expected, the inhibition of PCAF activity with the treatment of garcinol reduced the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in the prevention of renal fibrosis.