NFKB1 and renal fibrosis: Although the mechanism of how PCAF is involved in the activation of NF-κB in UUO-induced renal fibrosis was not investigated in this study, this finding suggests that protein kinases or molecules regulating the activity of NF-κB could be regulated by PCAF, as in the case of a virulence factor of Yersinia, YopJ, acetylating IκB kinase (IKK) [20], which may highlight the feasibility of PCAF as a new therapeutic target in the pro-inflammatory process.