Thus, the aim of our study was to comprehensively describe the influence of a 16-week treatment with orally administered trehalose on the progression of atherosclerotic lesions and hepatic steatosis in apoE−/− mice in an experimental set-up reflecting both moderate and severe proatherogenic conditions: in male apoE−/− mice on a chow diet (CD) and female apoE−/− mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) to determine whether oral administration of this disaccharide and under what conditions might affect atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis. Here, APOE is linked to atherosclerosis.