GDF15 and cancer: In addition, GDF15 regulates appetite and is related to weight loss and cancer‐related anorexia (Breit et al., 2011; Johnen et al., 2007; Lerner et al., 2015; Tsai et al., 2016, 2013, 2014; Villars et al., 2017), likely functioning through the receptors of the previously reported TGF‐β receptor II (Johnen et al., 2007) and the recently discovered GFRAL (GDNF Family Receptor Alpha Like; Emmerson et al., 2017; Hsu et al., 2017; Mullican et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2017) in the central nervous system.