TGFB1 and pancreatic neoplasm: In a mouse model, a TGF‐β antagonist suppressed metastasis without any adverse effects.75 In another report, TGF‐β inhibition reduced pancreatic cancer stroma in an orthotopic pancreatic‐cancer mouse model, suggesting TGF‐β inhibition as a potential treatment for controlling stroma density.62 In a phase Ib clinical trial, the TGF‐β inhibitor galunisertib was given in combination with gemcitabine to patients with advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer.76 The response rate with TGF‐β inhibition therapy was 42.9% with acceptable safety.