This group found that coculture significantly increased the TGF-β, IL-10, IL-6, and PGE2 cytokine levels and skewed toward Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, suggesting a switch to anti-inflammatory T helper 2 (Th2) signaling in a type 1 diabetes model treated with hBM-MSC-EVs [45]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.