HMGB1 and autoimmune polyendocrinopathy: In a previous study (21) we detected increased serum levels of HMGB1/sRAGE in subjects affected by pregnancy morbidity, as well as in a small group of patients with primary or secondary APS, suggesting that in these patients elevated levels of HMGB1/sRAGE may represent an alarm signal, indicating an increase of proinflammatory triggers.