VIM and breast carcinoma: Importantly, we noted that UBR7-low (shRNA harboring) cells had characteristics of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a cellular process typically associated with breast cancer metastasis5, as judged by loss of expression of epithelial markers (CDH1, CLDN1, CLDN7, and CYTK18) and gain of expression of mesenchymal markers (CDH2, ZEB1, SNAI1, SNAI2, TWIST, VIM)6,30 in qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescent analyses (Fig. 5c–f and Supplementary Fig. 7a–c).