In contrast, with atypical hyperplasia it is highly likely that endometrial cancer will coexist or develop into endometrial cancer within a few years, because it has many genetic mutations including microsatellite instability, PAX2 inactivation, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), KRAS, and CTNNB1 (β-catenin) [50–55]. The gene discussed is PAX2; the disease is endometrial cancer.