The IGF system also has an important role in carcinogenesis through proliferation, antiapoptotic and metabolic effects (Khandwala et al., 2000) and high serum levels of IGF-I have been associated with risk of various cancers, including PCa (Yu et al., 1999; Rowlands et al., 2009;, Young et al., 2012;, Rowlands et al., 2013). The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.