Three of the most commonly used chemotherapy drugs for remission induction in AML were assessed for their ability to induce the expression of drug metabolizing enzymes in BMSCs, as they have been reported to do in liver.28 Cytarabine, etoposide and daunorubicin all up‐regulated CYP3A4 expression of F/STRO BMSCs, while only cytarabine up‐regulated CDA (Figure 3A). This evidence concerns the gene CDA and acute myeloid leukemia.