TNF and acute myeloid leukemia: Active AML BM is a pro‐inflammatory environment, associated with aberrant cytokine signaling.14, 15 Moreover, inflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐1, IL‐6 and TNF‐α can down‐regulate hepatic and intestinal CYP3A4 levels.17, 20 Cytokines known to be elevated in AML, IL‐1β,36 IL‐6,13 IL‐12,14 TNF‐α14, 37 and INF‐γ38 were studied for their ability to modulate CYP3A4 and CDA expression in BMSCs.