DKK1 and cancer: Increased bone resorption releases bone matrix–embedded growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β),25, 26 which further stimulates tumor growth and bone destruction.27 Concomitantly, cancer cells secrete factors (interleukin [IL]‐7, IL‐3, Dickkopf Wnt Signaling Pathway Inhibitor 1 [DKK‐1], and Sclerostin) and promote epigenetic changes that suppress osteoblast differentiation and function (reviewed in Giuliani and colleagues,(28) MacDonald and Delgado‐Calle,29 and Adamik and colleagues30).