TGFB1 and neoplasm: This osteoclastic bone resorption in turn leads to the release of TGFβ from the bone extracellular matrix, which has direct effects stimulating tumor growth.84, 85, 86, 87 At this stage of metastasis, the disease is largely incurable; it is likely that early intervention is required for treatments to succeed, prior to the reactivation of dormant tumor cells.