LOX and neoplasm: In addition, other secreted factors such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can prime the microenvironment prior to the arrival of DTCs, remodeling bone to create a “premetastatic niche” amenable to metastatic dissemination.40, 41 In fact, secretion of lysyl oxidase (LOX) from distal BCa tumors has been shown to induce focal osteolytic lesions in bone, deregulating normal bone homeostasis to create a premetastatic niche.42, 43 The concept of the premetastatic niche in tumor progression has been extensively reviewed elsewhere.44